See temel in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "teimheal"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "teimel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*temeslos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *temeslos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*témHos",
"4": "*témHeslo-",
"t": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *témHeslo- (“darkness”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तमिस्रा",
"t": "dark night",
"tr": "támisrā"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तमिस्रा (támisrā, “dark night”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "demar",
"t": "twilight"
},
"expansion": "Old High German demar (“twilight”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tenebrae",
"t": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "Latin tenebrae (“darkness”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *temeslos, from Proto-Indo-European *témHeslo- (“darkness”) (compare Sanskrit तमिस्रा (támisrā, “dark night”), Old High German demar (“twilight”), Latin tenebrae (“darkness”), from *temH-).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "temil",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "temel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "temil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "temel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "temil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "temul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "temel",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "themel",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "temel",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "temil",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "temel m (genitive temil)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "temil"
},
"expansion": "temel m (genitive temil)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "temil",
"dat_sg": "temul",
"n": "s"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "temel+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "temelu+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "temel+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "temelaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "temelaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "temul+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "temel",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "temel+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "temil+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "s",
"nom_du": "temel+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "temil+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "temel",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "temel+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "temelu+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "temil",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "66 2 26 1 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 1 23 1 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
86,
91
]
],
"english": "As what is done in this is not perceived and discovered, so it was covertly and it was in darkness that Saul with his people was making snares and ambushes against David.",
"text": "Amal nád n-airigther ⁊ nád fintar a ndu·gníther hi suidi, sic ba in ḟortgidiu ⁊ ba hi temul du·gníth Saul cona muntair intleda ⁊ erelca fri Dauid.",
"translation": "As what is done in this is not perceived and discovered, so it was covertly and it was in darkness that Saul with his people was making snares and ambushes against David.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness"
],
"id": "en-temel-sga-noun-FCcr02HJ",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̠ʲe.β̃ʲəl/"
},
{
"note": "Blasse",
"other": "[ˈt̠ʲe.β̃ʲel]"
},
{
"note": "Griffith",
"other": "[ˈt̠ʲe.β̃ʲəl]"
}
],
"word": "temel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "teimheal"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "teimel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*temeslos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *temeslos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*témHos",
"4": "*témHeslo-",
"t": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *témHeslo- (“darkness”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तमिस्रा",
"t": "dark night",
"tr": "támisrā"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तमिस्रा (támisrā, “dark night”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "demar",
"t": "twilight"
},
"expansion": "Old High German demar (“twilight”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tenebrae",
"t": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "Latin tenebrae (“darkness”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *temeslos, from Proto-Indo-European *témHeslo- (“darkness”) (compare Sanskrit तमिस्रा (támisrā, “dark night”), Old High German demar (“twilight”), Latin tenebrae (“darkness”), from *temH-).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "temil",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine o-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "temel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "temil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "temel",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "temil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "temul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "temel",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "themel",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "temel",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "genitive",
"6": "temil",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "temel m (genitive temil)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "temil"
},
"expansion": "temel m (genitive temil)",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "temil",
"dat_sg": "temul",
"n": "s"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "temel+L",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "temelu+H",
"acc_pl2": "",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "temel+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-m",
"dat_du": "temelaib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "temelaib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "temul+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "temel",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "temel+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_pl4": "",
"gen_sg": "temil+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "s",
"nom_du": "temel+L",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "temil+L",
"nom_pl2": "",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "temel",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "temel+L",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "temelu+H",
"voc_pl2": "",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "temil",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Irish terms with quotations",
"Old Irish uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
86,
91
]
],
"english": "As what is done in this is not perceived and discovered, so it was covertly and it was in darkness that Saul with his people was making snares and ambushes against David.",
"text": "Amal nád n-airigther ⁊ nád fintar a ndu·gníther hi suidi, sic ba in ḟortgidiu ⁊ ba hi temul du·gníth Saul cona muntair intleda ⁊ erelca fri Dauid.",
"translation": "As what is done in this is not perceived and discovered, so it was covertly and it was in darkness that Saul with his people was making snares and ambushes against David.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt̠ʲe.β̃ʲəl/"
},
{
"note": "Blasse",
"other": "[ˈt̠ʲe.β̃ʲel]"
},
{
"note": "Griffith",
"other": "[ˈt̠ʲe.β̃ʲəl]"
}
],
"word": "temel"
}
Download raw JSONL data for temel meaning in Old Irish (5.9kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"temel"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "temel",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.